In 2006, we started in order to make learning organic chemistry fast and easy. #fail During this entire time, he always loved helping students, especially if they were struggling with organic chemistry. The simplest amides are derivatives of ammonia. Examples of amides include nylon, paracetamol, and dimethylformamide. In between, he did NOT compete at the 1996 Olympics, make the Atlanta Braves opening day roster, or become the head coach of the Indiana Pacers, as he had intended. An amide is an organic functional group with a carbonyl bonded to a nitrogen or any compound containing this functional group. Nonpolar amino acids are hydrophobic which means they do not tend to move or combine with other aqueous compounds. Amino Acids with Nonpolar side chains These are amino acids or organic compounds that have no charge on the R group. After all of that, he (briefly) worked as a post-doctoral assistant at Syracuse University, working on novel organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). There are three (3) Major types of Functional Groups based on the R group of the said amino acid. Prior to all of this, he was a chemist at Procter and Gamble. His research focus was on novel pain killers which were more potent than morphine but designed to have fewer side effects. Mike Pa got a bachelors degree in chemistry from Binghamton University, a masters degree in organic chemistry from the University of Arizona and a PhD in bio-organic chemistry from the University of Arizona. Some chemists refer to ethers as “dead molecules” because of their low reactivity.Īnd now for some crazy functional groups….ĭr. They reactivity depends on the type of alkyl halide (F, Cl, I, Br), its substitution (primary, secondary, tertiary) and the desired reaction (SN1, SN2, E1, E2).Īlcohols, Amines, and Thiols: these are generally very good nucleophiles, as the heteroatoms have lone pairs which will attack an electrophile.Įthers: do not undergo many organic reactions themselves, but sometimes can be the product of a reaction. When you visit an amide, you need to know a few points regarding nomenclature whether it’s a name or. These can participate in nucleophilic substitution reactions and elimination reactions. Generally speaking, if there is an electron withdrawing group attached to the carbonyl carbon, that carbonyl will be more electrophilic and more reactive.Īlkyl Halides: alkanes which are connected to a halogen atom (F, Cl, I, and Br) are good electrophiles. The amide functional group plays a key role in the composition of biomolecules, including many clinically approved drugs. The important point here is to know which types of carbonyls are more electrophilic and which ones are less. While there are different variations which can make the carbonyl more or less reactive, the basic functional group is still the same. It is one of the more important electrophiles you will see in this course. Carbonyls: a “carbon double bond oxygen” is a carbonyl.

Amide functional group